David
P. Crockett, Ph.D.
Department of Neuroscience and Cell
Biology
UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical
School
Phone: (908) 235-3404
FAX: (908) 235-4029
Directions: Select the one best answer for
each question. Note that some questions have 4 and others have 5 alternatives.
1. Which of the following structures are NOT found in the diencephalon?
a. habenula
b. pineal gland
c. dorsal thalamus
d. epithalamus
e. inferior colliculus
2. Which of the following associations is INCORRECT?
a. lateral ventricle -- telencephalon
b. cerebral aqueduct -- diencephalon
c. central canal -- spinal cord
d. fourth ventricle -- medulla
3. Which of the following statements concerning the neocortex is NOT true?
a. It is developmentally derived from the telencephalon
b. 90% of the cerebral cortex is said to be neocortex.
c. At some point in its development, the neocortex has 6 layers.
d. Most cortical afferents terminate in layer I, the molecular layer.
4. The cerebellar cortex is characterized by_______layers.
a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 6
5. A destructive lesion of the subthalamic nucleus may result in
a. Huntington's Disease
b. Parkinson's Disease
c. hemiballism
d. intention tremors.
6. Which of the following statements concerning cranial nerve nuclei classified as General Somatic Efferents is NOT true?
a. Examples include nuclei innervating the extraocular eye muscles.
b. The motor division of the trigeminal nerve is an example.
c. They tend to be found near the midline in the brainstem.
d. They innervate muscles that are derived developmentally somites
7. Which of the following associations is NOT true?
a. Facial nerve -- muscles of facial expression
b. Trigeminal nerve -- muscles of mastication
c. Hypoglossal nerve -- muscles of the pharynx and larynx
d. Nucleus ambiguus - muscles of the larynx and pharynx. e. Vagus nerve -- muscles of the larynx and pharynx.
8. Which of the following structures are NOT grouped with the basal ganglia
a. caudate nucleus
b. putamen
c. nucleus proprius
d. subthalamic nucleus
e. substantia nigra
9. All of the following are basal plate derivatives EXCEPT:
a. the ventral horn
b. the hypoglossal nucleus
c. superior colliculus
d. the abducens nucleus e. -motoneurons
10. Which of the following associations is CORRECT?
a. somatosensory system -- ventrolateral (VL)/ventral anterior (VA) nuclei of the thalamus.
b. vision -- medial geniculate nucleus
c. olfaction -- Pulvinar\Lateral Posterior Complex
d. auditory system -- medial geniculate nucleus.
11. You see a patient that exhibits an ataxic gate. You learn from his case history that he is a reformed alcoholic. You would expect all of the following EXCEPT:
a. loss of fractionation.
b. an alcohol induced lesion to the anterior lobe of the cerebellum
c. difficulty with the "heel to shin" test
d. relatively little trouble with rapidly alternating movements of the hand
12. Which of the following are NOT associated with taste perception?
a. the vagus nerve
b. the hypoglossal nerve
c. the facial nerve
d. the hypoglossal nerve.
13. Which of the following statements concerning glial cells is NOT true?
a. Schwann cells form the myelin sheaths around axons of the central nervous system.
b. Oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths around axons of several neighboring neurons.
c. Radial neuroglia play an important role in the development of the cerebral cortex.
d, Among other things, astrocytes play an important role in the response of the nervous system to injury.
14. A 58-yr-old steelworker had a stoke. Amongst other symptoms, you notice that he has not shaved the left side of his face, nor has he combed the hair on the left side of his head. You ask him to draw a picture of the clock on his nightstand, and you notice that while using his right hand to draw, he places all of the numbers on the right side of the drawn clock face. His language skills seem normal. Finally, you notice through the open closet door, that all of his cloths are located on the right side. You suspect that the patent has suffered a stroke:
a. that involves the superior part of the parietal lobe (Brodmann's area 5 and 7) of the right hemisphere.
b. that involves the superior part of the parietal lobe (Brodmann's area 5 and 7) of the left hemisphere.
c. in the right occipital lobe (Brodmann's areas 17 and 18)
d. in the left occipital lobe (Brodmann's areas 17 and 18)
15. Concerning the cerebellum, which of the following associations IS true?
a. floculonodular lobe--the vestibular system
b. the vermis--interposed nuclei
c. cerebrocerebellum (neocerebellum)--fastigial nucleus
d. intermediate zone---dentate nucleus
16. Concerning the cerebellum, which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Purkinje cells are the sole "outflow" from the cerebellar cortex.
b. Purkinje cells excite the activity of the deep cerebellar nuclei.
c. Mossy fibers arise from many sources such as the vestibular system, spinal cord and cerebral cortex.
d. Mossy fibers have axon collaterals that project to the deep cerebellar nuclei and collaterals that synapse on the granule cells of the cerebellar cortex.
17. The generation of the "central motor program" is associated most with
18. Which oft he following structures are NOT found in the telencephalon?
a. archicortex
b. hippocampus
c. olfactory bulb
d. caudate nucleus
e. the pulvinar/lateral posterior complex
19. Concerning development, which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. The prosencephalon gives rise to the cerebral hemispheres and lateral ventricles.
b. The mesencephalon gives rise to the third ventricle.
c. The prosencephalon gives rise to the diencephalon and telencephalon.
d. The rhombencephalon gives rise to the medulla, pons and cerebellum.
20. During development of the neurotube,
a. the rostral neuropore closes about 2 days prior to the caudal neuropore.
b. the caudal neuropore closes about 2 days prior to the rostral neuropore.
c. the basal plate gives rise to the neurocrest.
d. closure first begins at the rostralmost pole and then proceeds caudally.
21. All of the following are closely associated with "failures of dorsal induction" EXCEPT:
a. spina bifida
b. Arnold-Chiari malformation
c. myelomeningocele
d. synaptogenisis
22. Which of the following statements concerning the corticospinal tract is NOT true?
a. Approximately 90% of the corticospinal tract decussates (crosses to the contralateral side of the body) in the caudal medulla to form the lateral corticospinal pathway.
b. The anterior corticospinal pathway remains uncrossed, influences the ventral horn bilaterally.
c, Functionally, the anterior corticospinal tract is most involved with the precise movement of the distal muscles.
d. Pyramidal cells form Brodmann's area 4 (primary motor cortex) contribute a relatively small percentage of the axons of the corticospinal tract.
23. You are told to interview a patient who has been diagnosed as having an "upper motor neuron" disease. You would expect all of the following symptoms EXCEPT:
24. Concerning "lower motor neuron" diseases, which of the following is NOT true?
25. Concerning the primary motor cortex, which of the following statements are NOT true?
a. The primary motor cortex is located on the precentral gyrus.
b. The primary motor cortex is an example of "agranular" cortex.
c. Restricted electrical stimulation of small areas of the primary motor cortex produces movements in small groups of muscles.
d. The primary motor cortex is topographically organized such that areas serving the head face and arms are located superior to the trunk and lags.
26. Which of the following statements concerning "stretch reflexes" is NOT true?
a. They are under the influence of descending motor systems, particularly the reticulospinal pathway.
b. In upper motor neuron disease, resistance to passive movement of the limbs is the result of the loss of tonic inhibition of stretch reflexes provided by descending motor systems.
c. The afferent limb of the reflex involves small caliber, unmyelinated primary afferents, which innervate the intrafusal muscle.
d. The simplest circuit diagrams illustrate primary afferents making direct, excitatory synaptic contact with the alpha motoneurons innervating the extrafusal muscles.
27. Which of the following statements concerning the premotor cortex is NOT true?
a. Unlike the primary motor cortex, the premotor cortex is not somatotopograhically organized.
b. Electrical stimulation of the premotor cortex produces complex movements such as contralateral turning of the trunk or movements of the contralateral arm
c. Functionally, the premotor cortex plays an important role in preparation and sensory guidance of movements.
d. The premotor cortex is located in Brodmann's are 6, just anterior to the primary motor cortex.
28. "Mental" rehearsal of a complex motor act results in increased blood flow in
a. the supplementary motor cortex
b. the premotor cortex
c. the primary motor cortex
d. the superior parietal cortex.
29. Concerning the motor system, which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. The supplementary motor cortex is most intimately associated with the basal ganglia.
b. The premotor cortex is most intimately associated with the cerebellum.
c. The supplementary motor cortex is located anterior to the primary motor cortex, in region extending into the medial surface of the cerebral hemisphere.
d. Lateral descending systems are most concerned with the control of the axial and proximal muscles.
30. Most efferents from the basal ganglia exit from the
a. internal segment of the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra, pars reticulata
b. caudate nucleus
c. the subthalamic nucleus
d. internal capsule
31. Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic fibers are found in
a. the intermediolateral cell column found in spinal segments T1 to T2 or T3,
b. the intermediolateral cell column found in spinal segments C1 to C8,
c. the lateral horns, found through out the rostrocaudal length of the spinal grey matter.
d. the lateral horn of segments L1 to L4.
32. Concerning the organization of the spinal grey matter, which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. The substantia gelatinosa, located in lamina II, is associated with pain processing
b. Rexed, based on cytoarchitectonic features, divided the spinal grey matter into 10 different "laminae".
c. Motoneurons are located in lamina IX
d. The organization of the grey mater was observed by Rexed to be uniform throughout the rostrocaudal length of the spinal cord.
33. Concerning the Golgi tendon reflex, which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. Stretching the tendon results in inhibition of the of the motoneurons innervating the attached muscle.
b. The reflex produces the stiffness and spastic paralysis characteristic of upper motor neuron syndromes.
c. The primary sensory afferent makes a an excitatory synaptic contact with an inhibitory neuron which in turn inhibits the alpha-motoneuron.
d. The effect of this reflex is referred to as autogenic inhibition.
34. In the study of reflexes, reciprocal inhibition refers to the
a. inhibition of antagonistic muscles via inhibitory interneurons.
b. inhibition of synergistic muscles via inhibition.
c. inhibition of the clasp-knife response.
d. requires direct synaptic contact between the primary sensory afferent and the inhibited alpha-motoneuron.
35. You are walking along the beach and you step on a sharp piece of broken glass. You reflexively withdraw your foot. This behavior is characterized by all of the following EXCEPT:
a. The reflex arc is a polysynaptic circuit involving primary sensory afferents, interneurons and motoneurons
b. The reflex, being a simple one, involves only the fifth lumber spinal segment.
c. Via interneurons, contralateral extensors are excited.
d. The crossed effects seen in this reflexive behavior may be a building block for complex motor behaviors, such as stepping.
36. The centromedian nucleus of the thalamus is most intimately associated with a. the basal ganglia.
b. the cerebellum.
c. pain processing.
d. auditory processing.
e. visual processing.
37. Which of the following statements concerning special visceral efferents (SVE) is NOT true?
a. They innervate the branchiomeric muscles.
b. The nucleus ambiguus and the motor nucleus of the facial nerve are two examples of SVE.
c. SVE fibers are carried also by the vagus, glossopharyngeal and accessory nerves.
38. A space-occupying tumor within the "cerebellar-pontine angle" may produce all of the following symptoms except.
a. loss of hearing in one ear
b. loss of taste on the anterior 2/3 of the tongue
c. inability to smile on one side d. loss of the pupillary light reflex.
39. Concerning the dorsal root ganglia, which of the following statements is NOT true?
a. They contain the cell bodies of primary sensory afferents
b. They contain examples of general somatic afferents
c. They are ontogenetically derived from placodes
d. They are paired.
40. Which of the following statements concerning the organization of the cranial nerves and their nuclei is NOT true?
a. Sensory nuclei, like nucleus solitarius, are innervated by primary sensory afferents associated with several cranial nerves.
b. The cranial nerve nuclei are organized into 7 discontinuous columns throughout the length of the brainstem
c. Nuclei associated with special somatic afferents, such has audition and equilibrium (vestibular) are found medial to the sulcus limitans.
d. Most preganglionic parasympathetic efferents are associated with both the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus nerve and nucleus ambiguus.
41. Which of the following statements concerning the reticular formation is NOT true?
a. It is a diffusely organized collection of cells in the central core of the brainstem.
b. Portions of the reticular formation have been shown to play a critical role in pain processing.
c. The reticular formation plays an important role in consciousness and arousal.
d. Although, many portions of the reticular formation play important roles in sensory processing, no motor functions have yet to be attributed to this loose aggregation of cells.
e. The reticular system has been shown to play an important role in autonomic functioning.
42. A right-handed, 65-year old grandmother with a history of high blood pressure has had a stroke. In the hospital it was determined that she can no longer produce either intelligible words or write. She can still understand both the spoken and written word; her hearing and motor skills appear normal. A lesion in which of the following areas would be consistent with these symptoms.
a. Wernicke's Area
b. Broca's Area
c. the frontal lobe
d. the right superior temporal gyrus
e. the postcentral sulcus.
43. The cells responsible for bringing information out of the cerebral cortex are a. Purkinje cells
b. Pyramidal cells
c. Stellate cells
d. Basket cells
e. Bergonzi cells
44. Which of the following statements about neocortical organization IS true?
a. Motor cortex is characterized as granular cortex.
b. Primary sensory cortices are characterized as having very large pyramidal cells.
c. The thalamus is interconnected with sensory but not motor cortex.
d. The sensory association areas are generally deal with more complex features than primary sensory cortex.
45. Which of the following may NOT be found with cerebellar lesions?
a. perceptual problems with time.
b. intention tremors
c. incoordination of movements
d. a lesion in the left half of the cerebellum producing symptoms on the right side of the body.
46. In general information travels within in neurons in the following sequence:
47. Which of the following statements about motoneurons is NOT true?
a. Motoneuronal axons exit the spinal cord via the ventral (anterior roots) roots.
b. Segmental organization of muscle innervation is less precise than the innervation of the skin.
c. Motoneurons are found only in the lumbar and cervical regions of the spinal cord.
d. Gamma-motoneurons innervate the intrafusal muscle fibers while the alpha-motoneurons innervate the extrafusal muscle fibers.
48. Which of the following fiber types are NOT found within the spinal cord ?
a. General Somatic Afferent
b. General Visceral Afferent
c. Special Visceral Efferents
d. General somatic Efferents
49. Which of the following statements concerning cerebellar disease is INCORRECT?
a. Cerebellar disease may be accompanied by intention tremors
b. Cerebellar disease is often accompanied by limb ataxias
c. Symptoms of cerebellar disease are always observed contralateral to the lesion d. Cerebellar disease may be accompanied by dysdiadochokinesia.
50. Parkinson’s Disease is associated with all of the following EXCEPT?
a. Tremors at rest
b. loss of dopaminergic neurons in the globus pallidus
c. mask like expression
d. difficulties in initiating and terminating movements
e. increased muscle tone, "cog-wheel-like" rigidity